Italy’s huge debt pile is expected to rise this year as the country’s economy limps along, the European Commission said yesterday in quarterly forecasts that could reignite a dispute with Rome over its budget. Brussels marginally cut its 2019 growth outlook for Italy to 0.1% from an already gloomy 0.2%. The economy expanded 0.9% last year. The commission also said it expected growth in the wider eurozone economy to slow more than previously estimated, to 1.2%. But its forecast for Italy is the lowest in the bloc, and the Commission said it expected that to weigh on the country’s public finances, with debt and deficit levels seen climbing far beyond EU fiscal rules. The Commission’s forecasts were drawn up before data showed Italy emerged from recession in the first quarter with stronger-than-expected growth of 0.2%, and the government says its policies to raise welfare benefits will support domestic demand. Economy Minister Giovanni Tria shrugged off Brussels’ forecasts, saying they were broadly in line with the government’s own projections. Rome forecasts growth of 0.2% this year and 0.8% in 2020, 0.1 points above the Commission for each year. Tria told reporters in Paris that the Commission’s public finance projections for next year were “more political than economic”, because they took no account of the government’s commitments to reduce the deficit in its 2020 budget. Although no EU decision over possible disciplinary moves is expected before European elections on May 23-26, the more downbeat estimates could increase market pressure on a coalition government in Rome already plagued by infighting. Milan shares fell after the Commission’s forecasts were published and the yield gap widened between Italian government bonds and safer German Bunds. The commission — which came close to penalising Italy over an excessive deficit target before the two side reached an agreement in December — will assess states’ compliance with EU rules at the beginning of June, economics commissioner Pierre Moscovici said. Without policy changes, Italy’s deficit would be 2.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) this year, the commission said, lowering a 2.9% forecast it made in November. The bloc’s executive forecast the deficit would climb to 3.5% in 2020, beyond the EU’s 3.0% ceiling. The government has targeted a deficit of 2.4% this year and 2.1% in 2020. The commission expects Italy’s debt to grow to 133.7% of GDP this year and peak at 135.2% in 2020, while Rome is targeting 132.6% this year and 131.3% in 2020. Eurozone countries with a debt rate above 60% are required to gradually reduce it. But Italy’s has been growing since last year, when it cost 3.7% of economic output to service. With Italian bond yields having dropped slightly after December’s budget deal with Brussels, interest expenditure is forecast to drop to 3.6% of GDP this year, before rising again in 2020. The structural deficit, which excludes one-off items and the effects of the business cycle, is also expected to worsen. This indicator is crucial in the EU assessment over countries’ compliance with fiscal rules. The primary surplus, which excludes interest payments, is expected to ease. Italy is the only eurozone country in which the commission expects employment to fall this year, by 0.1%. The government has also forecast that employment will decline this year. Both Brussels and Rome expect it to rise in 2020. Brussels also singled out Italy as the only state where investments will fall, by an estimated 0.3%. Italy’s fiscal outlook could worsen if yields rose again, but would improve if spending was reduced and a planned rise of sales tax was applied next year, the Commission said.
